برخی تعاریف اولیه
سیستم سرویس دهنده ویندوز ، از محصولات متعددی نظیر خانواده نسخه های ویندوز 2003 ، سرویس دهنده Exchange 2000 ، سرویس دهنده SQL Server 2000 ، تشکیل شده است . هر یک از محصولات فوق از تعداد زیادی عناصر و سرویس های سیستم تشکیل شده اند . برخی از سرویس های سیستم در زمان راه اندازی و توسط سیستم عامل اجراء شده و برخی دیگر بر اساس تحقق شرایطی خاص ، فعالیت خود را آغاز می نمایند . هر سرویس سیستم دارای یک نام خودمانی و یک نام سرویس است . نام خودمانی ، نامی است که در ابزارهای مدیریتی گرافیکی نظیر ( Microsoft Management Console (MMC ، نشان داده می شوند . نام سرویس ، نامی است که از آن به همراه ابزارهای خط دستور و یا زبان های اسکریپت نویسی استفاده می گردد . هر سرویس سیستم ممکن است یک و یا چندین سرویس شبکه ای را ارائه نماید .
پروتکل های Application ، پروتکل های سطح بالای شبکه بوده که از یک و یا چندین پروتکل و پورت TCP/IP استفاده می نمایند . HTTP و SMTP نمونه هائی در این زمینه می باشند .
پروتکل ها ، در یک سطح پائین تر نسبت به پروتکل های Application کار می کنند . پروتکل های TCP/IP فرمت استانداردی به منظور ارتباط بین دستگاه های موجود بر روی یک شبکه را فراهم می نمایند . ( پروتکل TCP/IP شامل پروتکل های دیگری نظیر TCP ، UDP و ICMP است ).
پورت . سرویس های سیستم با گوش دادن به پورت ها قادر به تشخیص ترافیک ورودی شبکه می باشند .
جدول زیر متداولترین پورت های شبکه در محصولات اصلی ویندوز را نشان می دهد :
|
Port |
Protocol |
Application protocol |
System Service Name |
|
n/a |
GRE |
GRE (IP protocol 47) |
Routing and Remote Access |
|
n/a |
ESP |
IPSec ESP (IP protocol 50) |
Routing and Remote Access |
|
n/a |
AH |
IPSec AH (IP protocol 51) |
Routing and Remote Access |
|
7 |
TCP |
Echo |
Simple TCP/IP Services |
|
7 |
UDP |
Echo |
Simple TCP/IP Services |
|
9 |
TCP |
Discard |
Simple TCP/IP Services |
|
9 |
UDP |
Discard |
Simple TCP/IP Services |
|
13 |
TCP |
Daytime |
Simple TCP/IP Services |
|
13 |
UDP |
Daytime |
Simple TCP/IP Services |
|
17 |
TCP |
Quotd |
Simple TCP/IP Services |
|
17 |
UDP |
Quotd |
Simple TCP/IP Services |
|
19 |
TCP |
Chargen |
Simple TCP/IP Services |
|
19 |
UDP |
Chargen |
Simple TCP/IP Services |
|
20 |
TCP |
FTP default data |
FTP Publishing Service |
|
21 |
TCP |
FTP control |
FTP Publishing Service |
|
21 |
TCP |
FTP control |
Application Layer Gateway Service |
|
23 |
TCP |
Telnet |
Telnet |
|
25 |
TCP |
SMTP |
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol |
|
25 |
UDP |
SMTP |
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol |
|
25 |
TCP |
SMTP |
Exchange Server |
|
25 |
UDP |
SMTP |
Exchange Server |
|
42 |
TCP |
WINS Replication |
Windows Internet Name Service |
|
42 |
UDP |
WINS Replication |
Windows Internet Name Service |
|
53 |
TCP |
DNS |
DNS Server |
|
53 |
UDP |
DNS |
DNS Server |
|
53 |
TCP |
DNS |
Internet Connection Firewall/Internet Connection Sharing |
|
67 |
UDP |
DHCP Server |
DHCP Server |
|
67 |
UDP |
DHCP Server |
Internet Connection Firewall/Internet Connection Sharing |
|
69 |
UDP |
TFTP |
Trivial FTP Daemon Service |
|
80 |
TCP |
HTTP |
Windows Media Services |
|
80 |
TCP |
HTTP |
World Wide Web Publishing Service |
|
80 |
TCP |
HTTP |
SharePoint Portal Server |
|
88 |
TCP |
Kerberos |
Kerberos Key Distribution Center |
|
88 |
UDP |
Kerberos |
Kerberos Key Distribution Center |
|
102 |
TCP |
X.400 |
Microsoft Exchange MTA Stacks |
|
110 |
TCP |
POP3 |
Microsoft POP3 Service |
|
110 |
TCP |
POP3 |
Exchange Server |
|
119 |
TCP |
NNTP |
Network News Transfer Protocol |
|
123 |
UDP |
NTP |
Windows Time |
|
123 |
UDP |
SNTP |
Windows Time |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Message Queuing |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Remote Procedure Call |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Exchange Server |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Certificate Services |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Cluster Service |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Distributed File System |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Distributed Link Tracking |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Distributed Transaction Coordinator |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Event Log |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Fax Service |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
File Replication |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Local Security Authority |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Remote Storage Notification |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Remote Storage Server |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Systems Management Server 2.0 |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Terminal Services Licensing |
|
135 |
TCP |
RPC |
Terminal Services Session Directory |
|
137 |
UDP |
NetBIOS Name Resolution |
Computer Browser |
|
137 |
UDP |
NetBIOS Name Resolution |
Server |
|
137 |
UDP |
NetBIOS Name Resolution |
Windows Internet Name Service |
|
137 |
UDP |
NetBIOS Name Resolution |
Net Logon |
|
137 |
UDP |
NetBIOS Name Resolution |
Systems Management Server 2.0 |
|
138 |
UDP |
NetBIOS Datagram Service |
Computer Browser |
|
138 |
UDP |
NetBIOS Datagram Service |
Messenger |
|
138 |
UDP |
NetBIOS Datagram Service |
Server |
|
138 |
UDP |
NetBIOS Datagram Service |
Net Logon |
|
138 |
UDP |
NetBIOS Datagram Service |
Distributed File System |
|
138 |
UDP |
NetBIOS Datagram Service |
Systems Management Server 2.0 |
|
138 |
UDP |
NetBIOS Datagram Service |
License Logging Service |
|
139 |
TCP |
NetBIOS Session Service |
Computer Browser |
|
139 |
TCP |
NetBIOS Session Service |
Fax Service |
|
139 |
TCP |
NetBIOS Session Service |
Performance Logs and Alerts |
|
139 |
TCP |
NetBIOS Session Service |
Print Spooler |
|
139 |
TCP |
NetBIOS Session Service |
Server |
|
139 |
TCP |
NetBIOS Session Service |
Net Logon |
|
139 |
TCP |
NetBIOS Session Service |
Remote Procedure Call Locator |
|
139 |
TCP |
NetBIOS Session Service |
Distributed File System |
|
139 |
TCP |
NetBIOS Session Service |
Systems Management Server 2.0 |
|
139 |
TCP |
NetBIOS Session Service |
License Logging Service |
|
143 |
TCP |
IMAP |
Exchange Server |
|
161 |
UDP |
SNMP |
SNMP Service |
|
162 |
UDP |
SNMP Traps Outbound |
SNMP Trap Service |
|
389 |
TCP |
LDAP Server |
Local Security Authority |
|
389 |
UDP |
LDAP Server |
Local Security Authority |
|
389 |
TCP |
LDAP Server |
Distributed File System |
|
389 |
UDP |
LDAP Server |
Distributed File System |
|
443 |
TCP |
HTTPS |
HTTP SSL |
|
443 |
TCP |
HTTPS |
World Wide Web Publishing Service |
|
443 |
TCP |
HTTPS |
SharePoint Portal Server |
|
445 |
TCP |
SMB |
Fax Service |
|
445 |
TCP |
SMB |
Print Spooler |
|
445 |
TCP |
SMB |
Server |
|
445 |
TCP |
SMB |
Remote Procedure Call Locator |
|
445 |
TCP |
SMB |
Distributed File System |
|
445 |
TCP |
SMB |
License Logging Service |
|
445 |
TCP |
SMB |
Net Logon |
|
500 |
UDP |
IPSec ISAKMP |
Local Security Authority |
|
515 |
TCP |
LPD |
TCP/IP Print Server |
|
548 |
TCP |
File Server for Macintosh |
File Server for Macintosh |
|
554 |
TCP |
RTSP |
Windows Media Services |
|
563 |
TCP |
NNTP over SSL |
Network News Transfer Protocol |
|
593 |
TCP |
RPC over HTTP |
Remote Procedure Call |
|
593 |
TCP |
RPC over HTTP |
Exchange Server |
|
636 |
TCP |
LDAP SSL |
Local Security Authority |
|
636 |
UDP |
LDAP SSL |
Local Security Authority |
|
993 |
TCP |
IMAP over SSL |
Exchange Server |
|
995 |
TCP |
POP3 over SSL |
Exchange Server |
|
1270 |
TCP |
MOM-Encrypted |
Microsoft Operations Manager 2000 |
|
1433 |
TCP |
SQL over TCP |
Microsoft SQL Server |
|
1433 |
TCP |
SQL over TCP |
MSSQL$UDDI |
|
1434 |
UDP |
SQL Probe |
Microsoft SQL Server |
|
1434 |
UDP |
SQL Probe |
MSSQL$UDDI |
|
1645 |
UDP |
Legacy RADIUS |
Internet Authentication Service |
|
1646 |
UDP |
Legacy RADIUS |
Internet Authentication Service |
|
1701 |
UDP |
L2TP |
Routing and Remote Access |
|
1723 |
TCP |
PPTP |
Routing and Remote Access |
|
1755 |
TCP |
MMS |
Windows Media Services |
|
1755 |
UDP |
MMS |
Windows Media Services |
|
1801 |
TCP |
MSMQ |
Message Queuing |
|
1801 |
UDP |
MSMQ |
Message Queuing |
|
1812 |
UDP |
RADIUS Authentication |
Internet Authentication Service |
|
1813 |
UDP |
RADIUS Accounting |
Internet Authentication Service |
|
1900 |
UDP |
SSDP |
SSDP Discovery Service |
|
2101 |
TCP |
MSMQ-DCs |
Message Queuing |
|
2103 |
TCP |
MSMQ-RPC |
Message Queuing |
|
2105 |
TCP |
MSMQ-RPC |
Message Queuing |
|
2107 |
TCP |
MSMQ-Mgmt |
Message Queuing |
|
2393 |
TCP |
OLAP Services 7.0 |
SQL Server: Downlevel OLAP Client Support |
|
2394 |
TCP |
OLAP Services 7.0 |
SQL Server: Downlevel OLAP Client Support |
|
2460 |
UDP |
MS Theater |
Windows Media Services |
|
2535 |
UDP |
MADCAP |
DHCP Server |
|
2701 |
TCP |
SMS Remote Control (control) |
SMS Remote Control Agent |
|
2701 |
UDP |
SMS Remote Control (control) |
SMS Remote Control Agent |
|
2702 |
TCP |
SMS Remote Control (data) |
SMS Remote Control Agent |
|
2702 |
UDP |
SMS Remote Control (data) |
SMS Remote Control Agent |
|
2703 |
TCP |
SMS Remote Chat |
SMS Remote Control Agent |
|
2703 |
UPD |
SMS Remote Chat |
SMS Remote Control Agent |
|
2704 |
TCP |
SMS Remote File Transfer |
SMS Remote Control Agent |
|
2704 |
UDP |
SMS Remote File Transfer |
SMS Remote Control Agent |
|
2725 |
TCP |
SQL Analysis Services |
SQL Analysis Server |
|
2869 |
TCP |
UPNP |
UPNP Device Host |
|
2869 |
TCP |
SSDP event notification |
SSDP Discovery Service |
|
3268 |
TCP |
Global Catalog Server |
Local Security Authority |
|
3269 |
TCP |
Global Catalog Server |
Local Security Authority |
|
3343 |
UDP |
Cluster Services |
Cluster Service |
|
3389 |
TCP |
Terminal Services |
NetMeeting Remote Desktop Sharing |
|
3389 |
TCP |
Terminal Services |
Terminal Services |
|
3527 |
UDP |
MSMQ-Ping |
Message Queuing |
|
4011 |
UDP |
BINL |
Remote Installation |
|
4500 |
UDP |
NAT-T |
Local Security Authority |
|
5000 |
TCP |
SSDP legacy event notification |
SSDP Discovery Service |
|
5004 |
UDP |
RTP |
Windows Media Services |
|
5005 |
UDP |
RTCP |
Windows Media Services |
|
42424 |
TCP |
ASP.Net Session State |
ASP.NET State Service |
|
51515 |
TCP |
MOM-Clear |
Microsoft Operations Manager 2000 |